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Area: 842 km
Population:51,936
Chios is the fifth largest of the Greek islands,which located in the eastern Aegean Sea about 7 kilometers from the Anatolia Elijah (now part of Turkey) . Chios is famous for its powerful merchant community, as well as unique frankincense resin and medieval villages of the island. It is also region of Chios administrative State. Allegedly, Chios is the home of Homer, Hippocrates and Columbus. Nea Moni which built in the 11th century is the World Heritage site designated by the UNESCO.
Chios used to be an Ionian colony, and Thucydides called it the greatest city of the Ionian, and its people is one of the richest people in Greeks. The earliest colonists may come from Vionnetia. In the Archaic period, Chios often conflicts with the citystates of Asia Minor, especially Erythrae and the Samos. During 575BC-550BC, Charter established the political system based on public parliament and administrative staff. In the same time, the business has also been extensive development, mainly facing the Black Sea region, Egypt and the Western world. They accumulate wealth to enable them to construction of the majestic main altar at Delphi.
Later it was occupied by the Persians and ruled by Tyrants which Persians support. In the Ionian Revolt, Chios played a major role in transporting hundreds of ships of troops. Then they stand together with Athens and the established the Tino Alliance. The major responsibility of it is maritime transportation. Subsequently, the Spartans invaded from Lysander built a Spartan military junta.
In 395AD, Roman Empire permanently division, and Chios was part of the Byzantine Empire about six centuries. At the end of 11th century, Turkey’s imperial rule was interrupted by Maina. But on the island of East Turkey were repelled by the 1st Crusaders and Chios back to Byzantine rule. However, in 1204, the 4th Crusade ended the rule of the Empire. Byzantine was decomposed and its territory was carved up by the Latin Empire, Chios nominally becoming a part of the Venetian Republic. After the rule of the Latin Empire, the Byzantine ruled Chios Island for the last time (1225~1261), this rule has little impact on the island. Then sovereignty of the island was ceded to the Republic of Genoa shortly. In 1566, the Ottoman Empire repelled the Genoa people of Hubei, and occupied Chios. At that time about 12,000 are Greeks and 2500 are Genoese.
In 1822,Greece war of independence broke out. As the leader of the island worried about the safety of the island residents, suffered a loss of wealth, he do not want to participate in the revolution. In March of the same year, however, hundreds of Greeks landed from the neighboring island the Sami Island. They announced that the revolution and waged against Turkey people’s attack. Islanders have joined the fight. Ottoman Empire ordered army unfold massacres. About five-sixths of 120,000 Greeks on the Island were deported, killed or enslaved. After the first Balkan war in 1912, Chios rejoined and became independent of Greece's part. The exchanging of population after the Greek~Turkish war (1919 -1922 years) let many Greece refugees arrived in Chios, and Turkey Muslims back to Anatolia.
Chios Island was kidney~shaped, about 50 km long. The maximum width of it is 29 km. The terrain is generally mountainous and arid, the major population centers is on the east coast of the island. Chios town's population is about 32,400 people. The mild climate of the island is Mediterranean climate.
Very little rainfall in summer, almost of the time is no clouds and sunny. And winter is more humid, with an average relative humidity ranging from 75% in the winter to 60% in the summer.
Greece has more than 2000 islands, and Chios Island is one of the most mysterious islands. Distance from Turkey’s West Bank is close, and it is said to be the birthplace of the poet Home. Not many monuments on the island, but the scenery is beautiful, is a very laid-back and quiet island. In Praise of Homer, Chios will be known as the plump, very small island. It has a long history, someone lived here from 1000 BC.
Now the small town is prosperous. Residents living on the island affluent, business links with the outside world and there are frequent. In recent years the Islanders rely on the natural environment to develop tourism on the island, tourism income has now become an important income.
Population is mainly concentrated in the East of the island near the coast. The wonderful town (Pyrgi) is the largest, most of the population on the island of Chios centralized villages.
The most special feature of the town is not a village famous Guta but is called "xysta" building painted. These patterns are made up of some black geometric figures drawn on the plaster, drawing principles are not for whole of symmetric, and graphics~oriented change. Of external walls in the House balcony, roof on all planes are almost always use these pattern fills, and every House has such a pattern. Building in the village of these patterns will blend into one. Is more characteristic of the inhabitants of the village like edible dried tomatoes, so many people are hung with strings of tomatoes under the eaves, and looked very pretty. On the island's culture is rich, people attach great importance to education on the island, you only need to look at the newspaper and chatting in the cafe on the island who can feel what is a Constitution, it is no wonder that Greece people believe that this is the home of Homer. Throw away those old buildings, ancient and mysterious life practices and even become the biggest bright spots to attract tourists
Island of mastic
Another resident on the island of frankincense is proud of the island's large yellow wood. From this tree can be extracted out of frankincense. It is an important spice in ancient time. People called it "God's tears". In a number of important festivals ritual burning of frankincense, since they believe that frankincense smoke can bring their prayers to God. In ancient times, the locals are made using mastic gum, is very popular in ancient times. Tradition has it that this was once ruled by Turkey invented by, chewing it up very sweet and clean the mouth. In the modern era, people found new uses for the frankincense, using it to treat disease. It’s antiinflammatory anti fire, eliminating ulcer is very effective. People now understand the original warrant issued sweet frankincense is one containing the sweetener called xylitol, coupled with the frankincense produced in Chios island quality is very good, so here is rich of frankincense in the more popular today. It is often used in the manufacture of drugs for treatment of oral ulcer and its transport in some countries used in the manufacture of functional foods and cosmetics.
Religious architecture
Most of Greeks believed in the Orthodox, the Church naturally is essential for people living. There are many mosques on the island of Chios, these mosques are those in Turkey who built during the occupation, some of which are still in use today. For example, Metzitie mosque is built in the 16th century. Now mainly in churches dedicated to Saint George.
It occupies an important place in the daily life of the inhabitants of the island. Part of which has been converted to a Byzantine Museum of Chios, open to visitors during the tourist season.
Another impressive building is in the deep pine forests. Byzantine Monastery was built in 11th century, and gold murals in the Church is today Greece one of the three most important examples of Byzantine art.
Ancient castle
Through another Street connect square Kenenti, reaching the ancient castle on the island. This ancient castle is very famous ancient buildings in the town, the Castle surrounded by a moat. Castle also has one called the spring of "Kria Vrisi" (spring ice). Builders built a sophisticated potential reservoirs, has now become a famous scenic spots to attract tourists. The Castle built in the 10th century to the 11th century, from the beginning of the construction of the castle all the way to Greece before the revolutionary war, Castle has continuously been trimmed. When first built the Castle, town on the island is not very big, relies solely on the security of the Castle, a small town. Especially at the end of the 17th century, when Venetian occupation spent huge sums to repair the Castle, but in the 19th century it suffered a fire in the wartorn, then an earthquake more into one disaster. Since then in order to establish the port, and will be removed on the South side of the Castle. Until recently, archaeologists to excavations in the Castle, they study the ancient castle, while rehabilitation work, now the entrance to the Castle has been reinforced, while the walls around the Castle has been rebuilt, SouthEastern parts has been cleared, city gate and many narrow aisles were also repaired. Now that the castle would indeed be full of old glory