German modern great philosopher Hegel said , educated minds of the Europeans , the mention of Greece will be filled with a sense of their homes . This image illustrates Ancient Greece is the birthplace of Western civilization . In Greece , the climate is mild and pleasant homes , dotted with islands . Although rich olives , grapes , barley , however , most of the land is bare stone . Thus , most of the ancient Greeks boating into the sea , plays the role of the merchants, pirates , adventurers . At that time , the waves of the Mediterranean Sails , flashing their wisdom and astute . The face of the vagaries of nature , they are filled to conquer, the wonderful fantasies of domination , thus creating many beautiful myth .
【Brewing with the birth of the ancient Greek art】
The beginning of the European Fine Art
European art in the true sense of the ancient Greece . The Greek art geographical scope Aegean as the center, and therefore be regarded as a continuation of the Aegean art . Shelley had in the poem Yin said: " We are all Greeks ." Greece is the birthplace and cradle of the European civilization , not Greek , and can not imagine that European civilization would look like today remains of Greek civilization, the Western world is everywhere tradition. However, apart from the citizens living in the Greek peninsula from the Greeks , few like Shelley to philosophical imagine that Greeks . Who Greeks do ?
History shows that , conqueror of Crete , the destruction of the city of Troy - Mycenaean , one of the earliest inhabitants of Greece . Later reduced to northern barbarians slaves , gradually shunt Doric and Ionian , they share a common faith and language , so call them Greeks .
Beautiful Greek
The Greek word meaning elegant and beautiful . The Greeks later to create a masterpiece of carving art with this elegant and beautiful in the name of proportionality , can be described as a veritable .
Greece three facing the sea , north of connection continental Europe . Territory natural harbor , leading to all over the world after the Mediterranean , sailing and foreign trade extremely favorable natural environment , the inland mountainous and barren land , but rich in marble carving art extremely convenient for Materials .
To the 12th century BC , the Aegean civilization severely damaged by the northern barbarian invasions . But the indomitable Greeks who had this piece of rich civilization on the ruins of re- establishment of the brilliant Greek civilization , the true ancestor of European civilization .
Historical development
The Greek peninsula into the slave society , the establishment of the city-state of slavery more than 200 each polis city center together with suburban and rural areas of varying sizes countries , their own way . One of the most powerful of Athens and Sparta . Poor people poor country in order to survive and develop between the various city-states constantly war, the law of the jungle , the city-state , in order to save themselves, plundering the wealth of to implement strengthening the country and soldiers policies, democratic politics in the city-state internal the Freedmen directly involved in the city-state governance , attaches great importance to the exercise of the national physical qualities , so the management of the country, the exercise is the sacred duty of every citizen .
Greek mainland and pleasant weather , sunny , moderate temperature , under natural conditions suitable for outdoor nude exercise game . Nude sports , to change the mindset of the people , and not ashamed to naked , anti- bodybuilding body is glorious , and this caused the aestheticians concern and artists performance esthetician who discovered the beauty of the human body , and the artists who create the beauty of the human body . The big politicians Bury Chris , said : " We are the beauty of the Greek nation is beauty , creating the nation of the United States .
The greeks in a democratic freedom and fierce competition environment not only found, inoculation and create beauty, but also created a god, in the Greek mind the most perfect man is god, therefore the greeks respect people, the people rise to the height of the god to be sure, god and man is isomorphous gay, the greeks strong body as is all good and beautiful principle, and the Greek mythology as art spirit origin, as Marx points out: "the Greek mythology is not only a Greek art treasure, and is its soil". So the Greek art main achievement performance in the union of the divine and human sculpture and the temple building. The main characteristics of Greek art is all inclusive harmony and regularity, and dignified and solemn and quiet. It mainly mark is physical beauty, Greek contribution for human high not and art work model.
【The development of the ancient Greek art】
1.Aegean culture period (31 BC century before ~ 13 century)
This is the Greek art former source. Aegean cultural discovery, right in the late 19th and early 20th century German archaeologist ShiLiMan and British scholars Evans. Because they believe that described in Homer's epic hero mythology of it a, then with the epic describes clues to conduct archaeological work, so that the past has always been considered only Homer art fantasy scene, suddenly with solid physical gives a proof. Aegean culture found that make people understand that as early as 3000 BC, Crete from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age turn after 1000 years, Crete, Mycenae, and season carat Keith islands had very advanced economy and culture.
2.Homer period (the 12th century BC to the 8th century)
This is the ancient Greek from primitive society to slave society transition period. The ancient Greek legend blind the poet Homer have crooned two epic "the Iliad" and "the Odyssey", the epic become today the social status of the main literature material, therefore history experts say this period as "Homer period".
Homer period in the literature, art outstanding achievement is a myth and epic, art achievement is bleak. Since the northern tribes rule after Greece, the Greek art not only see Crete that happy style, and lost Mycenae art honesty, over the centuries, works quite rough and simple and primitive. From the left behind on the works of art, and most of them are rigid geometry, no to detail description and characterization. This period the most representative works of art is used to worship god and buried along with the dead earthen bottle. These earthen bottle modelling simple, bold portrayed in the symmetric pattern formed a well~balanced surface structure. Therefore, Homer period in the history of art is called "geometry style period".
3、Antique period (7th century BC to the first six century)
The ancient Greece, not only formally established the slavery in the city state, and completed it in the Mediterranean and black sea coast immigration process. In the social development is still in a primary stage, in the artistic creation, but it is also the beginning of regeneration. In frequent things trade interactions, Oriental culture constantly introduced into, and Greek art have a huge impact. However, the growth of Greek art soil after all and Oriental advanced countries do not, it cannot be completely copy Oriental culture, but absorption of the Oriental culture strengths, on the other hand, try to get rid of the influence of the Oriental culture, the development of his own artistic style. In the transition from the old to the era, art style changes very rapidly, and it reflects in the bottle painting, architecture and sculpture aspects innovation achievements on.
4.The classical period (before the 5th century b.c ~ 4 century)
The 5 th century BC early and wave war, opened the curtain of the Greek classical period. The war between the Greek cities of special cooperation, achieve a comprehensive victory, greatly inspired Greek ethnocentrism. But, the war brings peace and peace does not last, it soon be had in the Persian war play a leadership role between Athens and Sparta replaced for. Since then, the Greek city~states rift between brought about a lot of unrest. In this period, the Greek entered the golden age of history, with the Athens as a representative of slavery democratic politics further mature, economic and cultural prosperity, especially in literature and art, ushered in the first peak in the history of mankind. Can say, the classical period of art in all aspects have made great achievement, among them, sculpture and building on later the most profound influence.
5.Hellenistic period (the 5 th century BC - the first 4 century)
In 334 BC, ambitious Alexander the great inherited his father's wish, led the army to wage war, invasion of the east, attack Persia. His equation though not fully realized, but the Oriental culture into Greece, at the same time and the Greek culture to the east. Therefore, in the history the general Alexander the great returned to the first century BC Greek history end, called "hellenistic times" or "universal hellenistic period".
【The ancient Greek art masterpiece】
Life in of the fifth century B.C. millon (Myron, the 5 th century BC first half) is the Greek modelling art prosperity period of the most outstanding sculptors, people familiar with the statue "discobolus", it is his masterpiece. The ancient greeks advocating sports, the ancient Olympics is Greek event, in the contest citizens, can get statue as prizes, or be fashioned statue in public places. The ancient greeks praise the human body, they to bare physical beauty praise the purity of life, in the field of art wrote flawless the psalms.
In the discobolus, "artists selection of competitive state is the most critical moment, athlete's center of gravity fell on the left foot, right hand to hold discus behind, the whole body in the" imminent "moment. The statue to reverse body, with open arms and bending legs, create a stable, solemn modelling, forming a beautiful rhythm and rhyme, and his calm facial expressions and tension of the contrast between the muscle, gift works with unique individual character, praise the athlete's strong and handsome body and win confidence, to become a good athlete's monument.
After millon outstanding sculptors Phidias (Phidias, main activity period 448~432 years), in addition to create many excellent sculpture, but also built in Athens acropolis activities show outstanding talent.
The city is in the bush wave after the war to build, and by the original for military purpose built castle become religious sites and social activity center. City built on a hill, it make full use of strewn at random terrain feature, obtains the good visual effect. Is located in the top of BaTeNong temple, is the most spectacular Greek art in the crown of the gem.
Architecture
The Parthenon was the largest Greek temple, is also the most magnificent building, with white marble, the ancient Greek architecture typical form -peripteral.Lemgo 10.5 meters, 70 meters long from north to south, positive by a gable, and steps.Temple gable, outer eave wall is covered with carvings, in a solemn atmosphere without losing the joyful color, fully embodies the ancient Greeks amazing creativity.The East gable, is the performance of a group of "Athena" sculpture was born.Athena was the patron of the city of Athens, it is said that she is from the father's head jump; she is also the God of war, so the armor covered, hand~held spear, her bosom with embedded with banshees head chest protector.In the sculpture, a group of fate goddess statue, now the remnants of the body although has lost its head, but on their body curve shows a soft folds, like silk. In general, they sit column posture, with gable trend and change, marble works, like to breathe life.The statue from style, probably one of the most famous Greek statue home Feidi the hand, from his artistic skills and can appreciate the charm.
The ancient Greeks regard people as the world's most beautiful image model, they fit the body of God expressed sincere dedication, is the joy, for God and for God to decorate the city~state, poetry, drama, sculpture.Their God, have a reality of human feelings, stories.The goddess of love and beauty AFU Luodide, be they imagine from the waves out of water shells in birth, but her appearance, is the beautiful woman "menoir island AFU Luodide" is regarded as the embodiment of beauty.This statue is 1820 in the Hainan Department of menoir island the last cave found.People called it the "Venus", it is her name of Rome.Her arms are lost, many artists have rack one's brains to back her arms, but will be of no avail.The statue is in its "incomplete" formed a special charm, a beauty, symbol of eternal youth.Her face has the typical characteristics of Greek beauty: a straight nose, oval face, fullness in the jaw and wavy hair.In her beautiful, elegant posture and expression, expression of pure, kind and magnanimous; serene beauty, a deep feeling of human dignity.
Human body
With factitious main body of ancient Greek art, warm and frank disclosure of human emotion, human simple nature and the desire for beauty, and thus can strongly touched people's hearts, causing the resonance.Marx thinks, Greek art is in some ways a too high and templates, and "show everlasting charm", which is the highest rating of Greek art.
As far as the ancient Greek painting, because of its age, people today only from shapes, use different pottery appreciate.Painting on pottery called vase painting (illustration), "black painting" and "red" in two forms."Black painted" red as the bottom, painted with a black image; "red" is the opposite, black base red image.Bottle painting composition with pottery shapes, ups and downs, very cleverly use simple lines a realistic approach, depict the true to life likeness characters, its grace, amazing."Soldier's farewell", is a "red" type of works.Heavily armed soldiers to war, the young wife sent him a pot of bolstering departure wine, face with be distressed at parting feelings; old parents on their side, to encourage the soldiers fighting, painted real exquisite, can not help reminiscent of battle before at all times and in all countries that touching scene.